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Globalisation is generally defined as the “denationalisation of clusters of political, economic, and social activities” that destabilize the ability of the sovereign State to control activities on its territory, due to the rising need to find solutions for universal problems, like the pollution of the environment, on an international level. Globalisation is a complex, forceful legal and social process that take place within an integrated whole with out regard to geographical boundaries. Globalisation thus differs from international activities, which arise between and among States, and it differs from multinational activities that occur in more than one nation‐State. This does not mean that countries are not involved in the sociolegal dynamics that those transboundary process trigger. In a sense, the movements triggered by global processes promote greater economic interdependence among countries. Globalisation can be traced back to the depression preceding World War II and globalisation at that time included spreading of the capitalist economic system as a means of getting access to extended markets. The first step was to create sufficient export surplus to maintain full employment in the capitalist world and secondly establishing a globalized economy where the planet would be united in peace and wealth. The idea of interdependence among quite separate and distinct countries is a very important part of talks on globalisation and a significant side of today’s global political economy.

Most academic work usually explains organizational learning as a simple translation of individual learning. To fill this gap, this article focuses on the analysis of organizational learning as an iterative process in which group learning level is important. In this way, the model of organizational learning and knowledge generation presented in this article integrates the ontological and epistemological dimensions of knowledge and may be useful for knowledge management in organizations.

Managerial decision making regarding using organizational forms methodology to develop technological innovations in the context of technological strategy has not been the subject of a prolific number of studies; nevertheless, it has proven to be an important matter. This is particularly notable in the Iberoamerican context, where a theoretical framework has not been developed yet. It is within such a context that this empirical research intends to determine the organizational forms used by companies of the machine‐tool sector of the Basque Country in their implementation of processes of technological innovation. This research is supported by the theoretical framework provided by transaction cost economics, evolutionary economics, and competitive strategy theories. It also uses the contrasting approach as a starting point for proposing some extensive ideas on this issue.